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Treatment	Description
Injury to hand, moderate, wound repair or graft
Verruca & Wart Removal Treatment	Wart and Verruca Removal Dublin & Ireland Warts, sometimes referred to as papillomas, are among the most common type of skin growths, and a verruca is simply a wart that appears on the sole of the foot or the underside of the toes. Although warts and verrucae are rarely dangerous to your health, they can certainly harm your self-esteem. Fortunately, your dermatologist is experienced in the removal of these growths and can offer you several options. The exact removal method depends on the location and size of the warts. Here is further information about warts and verrucae, including their cause and nature. What are Warts? A wart is a benign skin growth. A wart is not cancerous, and it usually appears as a raised area of thickened skin. A wart may be darker or lighter in colour than the surrounding, normal skin. Some warts contain black, seed-like flecks. While warts are rarely painful on their own, they may cause discomfort when pressed or rubbed. This statement is particularly true of warts located on inconvenient areas of the body, such as the armpits or the soles of the feet. Most warts appear on the hands and feet, though warts may show up anywhere - the face, the torso, the genitals, even the crown of your head. Warts that manifest on the undersides of your feet are called verrucae or plantar warts. As you might imagine, these warts can be incredibly troublesome and interfere with walking, running, and sports. What Causes Warts? Despite false folklore that handling toads result in warts, the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the true cause of warts. HPV can be transmitted sexually, but this does not mean that all warts result from sexual activity. In fact, warts that are not located on the genitals are usually not sexually-transmitted. Instead, you can contract HPV through a break or cut in your skin. There are around 130 different types of HPV, and each type can cause a different sort of wart. Since warts are caused by a virus, they may reappear even after they are removed or resolved on their own. Your dermatologist can help with this problem, and they have treatments available to reduce or prevent wart recurrence. Risk Factors for Warts Anyone, of any age, may contract warts. However, there are some risk factors that increase your likelihood of wart problems. These risk factors include having a compromised immune system, having the skin condition eczema, and using public showers. Additionally, those who handle or work regularly with meat having a greater chance of contracting a specific sort of wart called “butcher’s warts.” Wart Prevention HPV is a robust virus, so it is difficult to prevent infection. Handwashing and avoiding public showers may help, but these measures are unlikely to prevent all warts. Common Locations for Warts As noted above, most warts arise on the hands or feet. Periungual warts appear on the fingers, alongside the fingernails. You might also notice warts on your face, neck, the palms or backs of your hands, your feet or toes, hands, wrists, knees, and elbows. On the face, warts can specifically manifest on the ear lobes, nose, eyelids, and along the lips. Verruca & Wart Removal Treatment Dublin & Ireland Many patients first attempt to deal with warts on their own before consulting their dermatologist. While there is nothing inherently wrong with this approach, you can save much time and frustration by visiting your dermatologist first instead of making a trip to the chemist. Your dermatologist has years of experience with warts and will be able to identify your problem accurately. Once the dermatologist has made a diagnosis, they will discuss your options with you. The majority of wart treatments can be handled in the office and have a very quick recovery time. Some common treatments for warts include: Cryotherapy is a widely-used treatment that freezes the wart and allows your dermatologist to remove it with minimal discomfort. Your dermatologist will make use of liquid nitrogen or another extremely cold substance in this therapy. Your wart will freeze almost instantly and can then be removed in its entirety. Salicylic acid. This is a topical treatment applied to the surface of your wart. Salicylic acid is a weak acid and has an exfoliating effect. After your dermatologist applies salicylic acid, your wart will eventually begin to peel away. Several treatments may be necessary. Laser treatment is sometimes used, especially for large warts. The laser aids your dermatologist in surgically excising or removing your wart. The laser also helps control bleeding and speeds the procedure. Traditional surgery is also an option for stubborn or particularly large warts. The surgery can usually be carried out in the office, and you will receive complete care instructions. Whatever procedure is used to remove your warts, you can rest assured that your dermatologist will provide you with complete details of the process. You will also receive pain control as appropriate, so your procedure will be as comfortable as possible. Be sure to let your dermatologist know if you have any questions, as they are always your best source of information. Talk with Your Dermatologist Now Warts are certainly undesirable, and they can be a disheartening problem. But you are not alone. Your dermatologist has the experience, tools, and training need to help you get rid of warts. Your healthcare team understands that warts can be an embarrassing condition, but warts and verrucae are no fault of your own. They are extremely widespread problems, and dermatologists encounter warts every day. Dermatologists are ready to work with you to help you achieve the clear, attractive skin you deserve.
Cataract surgery on one eye	Cataract Surgery Cataract surgery, also called lens replacement surgery, is the removal of the natural lens of the eye that has developed opacification or become cloudy, which is referred to as a cataract. The cloudy lens is replaced with an artificial intraocular lens. What is Cataract Surgery? You have likely heard of cataracts since this condition is one of the chief causes of vision loss, particularly among those over 55 years old. However, contrary to what some may think, a cataract is not a growth of skin or tumour over the eye. Instead, cataracts are foggy eye lenses. Here, we will tell you all about cataracts, including treatment in the form of cataract surgery. What is a Cataract? A cataract is an opacification - or fogging - of the ocular lens. Each of your eyes has a lens that aids in focusing light onto your retina. In turn, your retina receives the light and transmits it along your optic nerves to your brain for interpretation. In essence, this is how you see. Although cataracts can end up causing total or near-total loss of vision, most cataracts begin with only mild symptoms. The initial symptoms are usually blurred vision, difficulty seeing in bright light, double vision, poor night vision, faded colours, seeing “halos” or “auras” around light sources, and trouble with seeing electronic screens like televisions or computer monitors. Why do Cataracts Form? Cataracts form when the tissue that makes up the eye lenses changes. For the vast majority of cataracts, this change is simply the result of aging. Less often, cataracts may form as a result of eye injury. The injury may be caused by exposure to bright light, as seen in welders. The injury may also be eye trauma caused by accident or a foreign body. In a few cases, cataracts may arise from exposure to radiation, such as during certain types of cancer therapies. While increasing age is the top risk factor for cataract formation, other risk factors include obesity, frequent exposure to bright sunlight without eye protection, diabetes, and hypertension (high blood pressure). Eye inflammation from disease and previous eye surgeries can also raise your risk for cataracts. What is Involved in Cataract Surgery? When vision impairment from cataracts reaches the point that it negatively impacts your daily life, your ophthalmologist may recommend cataract surgery. Cataracts can prevent you from driving, reading, watching television, and more. Cataract surgery is generally very successful and can help restore your vision. Typically, cataract surgery is in the form of an intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. IOL implantation is a relatively straightforward procedure where your ophthalmologist removes your clouded lens and inserts an artificial lens. Of course, IOL implantation begins with a consultation with your ophthalmologist. If your ophthalmologist determines that IOL implantation could be helpful in your case, they will take measurements of your eyes, usually using a painless ultrasound procedure. They will also select the best type of IOL for your situation. If you have cataracts in both eyes, you will undergo surgery on a single eye at a time. The operation can be carried out in a clinic, and there is typically no need for an overnight stay in hospital. You will be sedated for the procedure, and your surgeon will remove the lens with the cataract. Next, they will insert the IOL and awaken you from sedation. It is crucial to follow your surgeon’s postoperative instructions. Any discomfort should resolve after a few days, but it may take up to eight weeks for your eye to heal completely. Do not worry - you should have good vision during most of this time. Your new artificial lens will not degenerate over time, and most patients who have undergone cataract surgery enjoy decades of useful vision.
Advanced Early pregnancy (12 weeks) ultrasound	The purpose of the Advanced Early pregnancy scan is: To check the site of the pregnancy sac (Is the pregnancy inside the uterus?) To check for viability of the fetus (Is my baby’s heart beating?) To calculate fetal heart rate (How many beats per minute is the baby’s heart beating?) To check the baby’s growth by measuring the crown-rump-length (To determine accurate dates) To calculate the baby’s due date (What date is my baby due?) To count number of babies (Could I be expecting twins?) To identify and examine some of the main organs in the fetus (such as brain, face, heart, stomach, umbilical cord, bladder, arms and legs). The normality of these organs cannot be fully determined in the first trimester – however, if an obvious abnormality is identified you will be referred on to a fetal medicine specialist) To assess the amniotic fluid volume, placenta and umbilical cord vessels. To examine for obvious uterine and ovarian pathology Please note that this scan: Is not the Nuchal Translucency / first trimester screening / Down Syndrome scan Cannot exclude all chromosomal or anatomical abnormalities Cannot assess placental location or function as it is too early When to have an Advanced Early Pregnancy Scan? The Advanced Early Pregnancy Scan is carried out between 12 weeks 0 days – 13 weeks 6 days. Many couples decide to announce their pregnancy after 12 weeks scan as they have gained some reassurance about the well-being of their baby. Pictures and a video clip provided from the scan can of course add to the special announcement. How to prepare for an Advanced Early Pregnancy Scan? Please make sure that your bladder is moderately full for this scan. You don’t need to purposely drink water before your scan. Just try not to empty it for an hour before your appointment. What to expect from an Advanced Early Pregnancy Scan You will lie back while the sonographer puts a bit of gel on your abdomen and then move a transducer over your tummy. You will be able to see the scan on a big screen television in front of you so that you can see what the sonographer sees. As with the Early Pregnancy Scan, there is a small chance that a transvaginal scan may need to be performed in order to get a better picture of the baby and to examine some of the very small structures.
Ingrown toenail removal surgery	Ingrown Toenail Removal Surgery Dublin & Ireland Most people give little thought to their toenails. A quick trim every now and then is all the toenail maintenance that most of us undertake. However, your toenails can be a source of great discomfort and frustration when problems occur. In some cases, toenail removal may be necessary. The top causes of toenail removal include fungal infections and recurrent ingrown toenails. A dermatologist can take care of this problem in their clinic without the need for hospitalisation. In most cases, your toenail will eventually regrow. Causes of Nail Fungus Toenail fungal infections are also known as onychomycosis or tinea unguium. These infections appear as thickened, yellow toenails. The nail sometimes looks white, and there may also be pain and itching. The nail lifts up from the nail bed in certain cases, and this may be painless or cause discomfort when it occurs. Fungal infections of the toenails are common among adults. In fact, about 10% of all adults experience this problem in at least one toe at any given time. All nails on a foot may be affected, but it is more common to suffer from the issue in just one or two toenails. Anyone can contract a toenail infection, but certain conditions increase your chances. These conditions include problems with your immune system, frequent cases of athlete’s foot (called tinea pedis), and issues with the blood flow in your feet and legs. Older people are more prone to fungal infections of the toenails than younger individuals. Toenail fungus is communicable, meaning you can catch it directly from someone else, but it can also be transmitted through surfaces like shared shoes and bathtubs. You can help prevent toenail fungus by taking good care of your feet. Trim your nails regularly but not too deeply. Also, keep your feet clean. Wash them daily with soap and water, being sure to wash between your toes. Do not share shoes or socks, nor should you wear damp socks. Finally, always follow the advice of your dermatologist and other doctors. Causes of Ingrown Toenails Ingrown toenails, or onychocryptosis, occur when a toenail does not grow straight. Instead, a portion of the toenail grows into the skin on either side of the nail bed. Swelling or bleeding can occur, and pus may be present. An ingrown toenail can be quite painful and prevent you from walking long distances. Even worse, an ingrown toenail may lead to infection, a condition that can become serious. Improper footwear is the chief cause of ingrown toenails. More specifically, wearing shoes that are too tight can restrict toenail growth, leading to ingrown nails. Additionally, trimming your toenails improperly may result in problems with ingrown toenails. Incorrect toenail trimming includes trimming too deeply or too often, trimming too infrequently, and uneven trimming. Your toe should never bleed or be painful during a toenail trim. Consult with your dermatologist if you have problems with ingrown toenails. Remember, dermatologists do treat not only skin issues but also diseases of the hair and nails. Your dermatologist can provide you with advice on appropriate footwear and habits to avoid ingrown nails, in addition to treating any ingrown toenails you may have now. Treatment of Toenail Fungal Infections A single toenail fungal infection is little cause for concern, although a dermatologist should evaluate all nail infections. However, when a fungal nail infection is recurrent, unrelenting, or severe, professional treatment may become necessary. Treatment possibilities include topical ointments or creams, oral medication, injections, or surgery. Treatment of Ingrown Toenails Just like with fungal toenail infections, you should have any ingrown toenail examined by a dermatologist. Treatment is often as simple as a professional trimming, but expert advice for prevention may be required. A dermatologist will be happy to provide you with guidance on how to avoid future ingrown nails. They can also consult with you on optimal footwear for ingrown toenail prevention. Ingrown Toenail Removal Surgery Dublin & Ireland If your dermatologist determines that your situation warrants it, they may recommend toenail removal surgery. The surgery is typically a straightforward procedure that can be carried out in your dermatologist’s office. A hospital visit is usually not necessary. Your dermatologist will walk you through the technique. Next, they will clean and anesthetise your toe. They will make certain your toe is disinfected to prevent infection. Once the procedure begins, the dermatologist will take measures to control bleeding. Depending on your problem, your dermatologist will remove a portion of the toenail or the entire nail. In the case of an ingrown toenail, it may not be necessary to excise the whole nail, only a portion of it. With fungal infections, usually the complete nail will need to be removed. Additionally, a toenail removal is sometimes performed in the case of nail trauma. For example, if you drop a heavy object on your toe or stub your toe, blood may become trapped beneath the toenail. Your dermatologist may need to remove a small piece of nail to release the trapped blood and relieve pressure. However, this does not necessarily mean that your toenail will never return. Often, a dermatologist will be able to spare a structure called the nail matrix. The nail grows from the matrix, so the toenail will eventually regrow if the matrix is left intact. As you may know, toenails grow gradually and much more slowly than fingernails. It may take many months for your toenail to return to its former length after removal. Recovery from toenail removal is typically brief. You will be given aftercare instructions, and you should follow these diligently. Most patients will heal within a few weeks after surgery. Ingrown toenail surgery cost Ireland Depending on where you go, prices are between €200 to €300 Euro when going through a private dermatologist or clinic. Consult with Your Dermatologist It is all too easy to neglect your toenails. Stay healthy by checking your feet daily, and turn to a dermatologist if you encounter problems with your nails. If ingrown toenail removal surgery is necessary, you will want an experienced dermatologist to take charge of your care.
Cortisone Injection of Joint or Soft Tissue	Cortisone Injections & Knee Injections If you have been suffering from persistent or debilitating knee pain, you should consider asking your doctor about the possibility of a cortisone knee injection. Whether your knee pain is from an injury, most types of arthritis, bursitis, or even an unknown cause, an injection of cortisone may be able to provide you with effective and long-lasting relief. Here is more information about cortisone knee injections, including the risks and potential benefits. Causes of Knee Pain Chronic, or lasting, knee pain can have any number of causes. Perhaps you twisted your knee during a run or game of football. Maybe you have just begun an exercise programme, and your knee is giving you persistent trouble. You could be suffering from an episode of gout, tendinitis, or arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or psoriatic arthritis. A cortisone knee injection may be able to help with pain control in each of the above cases. Along with pain control, a cortisone injection may also assist with swelling, heat, and redness in your knee. Before proceeding with a cortisone knee injection, your physician may first ask you to try more conservative measures. These efforts include applying ice to your knee, giving your knee a few days of rest, and using non-prescription anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen or paracetamol. What is a Cortisone injection? Cortisone is a synthesised hormone. While it is similar to the cortisol hormone produced by your body, cortisone has an anti-inflammatory effect. Inflammation can occur when your body is sick or injured and causes swelling, increased temperature, reddened skin, and pain. Inflammation is the result of a hyper-reaction in your immune system. In other words, your immune cells attack healthy cells instead of harmful microorganisms. Cortisone inhibits this immune response. When administered by a physician, cortisone is generally safe. However, some side effects are possible, especially with repeated and prolonged use. These side effects include increased susceptibility to infections, puffiness of the face, increased blood sugar levels, bone integrity problems, and damage to nearby cartilage. What Can You Expect from a knee injection? If you and your doctor decide together to proceed with a cortisone knee injection, you can have the injection in your doctor’s office. Your physician will clean your knee and inject the cortisone into the appropriate location. The cortisone often contains an anaesthetic to minimise pain from the injection. Your doctor may use an x-ray to help guide the injection. Follow your doctor’s aftercare instructions precisely. They may recommend icing your knee, and they might want you to follow up in a few days or to collect blood samples. You will likely notice relief from your knee pain in as little as 48 hours, and the effects can last for several months. It is important to realise that cortisone injections cannot be given too often due to potential side effects. Generally, your physician will limit you to an injection every few months. Also, while cortisone is often effective for pain control, it will not resolve the underlying cause of your pain if your discomfort is due to a factor such as osteoarthritis or a major injury, like a torn knee meniscus. Your doctor can recommend more definitive treatments for these conditions.

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